How Kitties Helped BBVA to Detect Credit Card Fraud
The methodology has been applied by BBVA’s data scientists Juan Arévalo and Jordi Nin, together with Universitat Politécnica de Valencia professors Roberto Paredes and Jon Ander Gómez. It is inspired by Andrew Ng work (Baidu’s Artificial Intelligence luminary) on neural networks build to make image recognition more efficient.
Nin explains that they explored a more efficient approach to model training and test classification for a massive amount of transactions of which just a handful (this is only comparatively because credit card fraud amounted to 1.3 billion euros in 2012, despite representing only 0.04% of the total) are considered fraudulent.
In the dataset used in this pattern recognition experiment, only 1 out of 5000 transactions are fraudulent. The biggest challenges for this kind of unbalanced datasets are the difficulty of performing a efficient training of a neural network; and, secondly, the need for a speedy recognition of a suspicious transaction.
The solution was to apply filtering in cascades so we can isolate what transactions are genuine and obtain a reduced sample with a maximum of fraudulent credit card purchases to train our deep neural network. “We found that two levels of filtering were sufficient to reduce the ratio of genuine to fraudulent transactions to acceptable levels”, points out Nin.
A similar technique was used by Andrew Ng and a Google Brain’s team when trying to categorize a massive number of Youtube videos by thumbnail images. Presented with a vast type of images the deep learning algorithm taught itself to identify cats as a way to make the categorization process more efficient, this is by grouping the most common occurrence in order to optimize training and recognition.
This principle allows processing a huge dataset and through the application of deep learning let the system learn itself from the data, finding the common patterns and, therefore, isolate the ones that don’t meet certain criteria.With this, backpropagation is done in a more reliable way and we achieve similar success rate to credit card fraud detection than other commercial solutions available to financial institutions.
In order to speed up model training we applied different techniques: drop out, adaptive learning rate, batch normalization and Maxnorm regularization. In total 4 hidden layers are sufficient to detect credit card fraud at an acceptable rate.
This is how Youtube kittens helped to detect credit card fraud, an increasingly complex and elusive problem that has to deal now with new forms of cards, wireless payment and a common area in the entire Eurozone.
For more on this work check our paper
For more on kittens on YouTube, check this